"Medieval Architecture in the Oltu-Penek Valley: A Preliminary Report on the Marchlands of Northeast Turkey," by Robert W. Edwards, from Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol. 39 (1985), pp. 15-37, in 64 bookmarked and searchable pdf pages, with many rare photos and excellent detailed maps. Wikipedia has an entry on the ancient through modern history of Oltu/Olti/Oltisi. This is the first of three articles devoted to the Armenian and Georgian buildings in the area.  Compiled by Robert Bedrosian.

From the Introduction: "In September of 1977 and August of 1983 I conducted field surveys in the Oltu-Penek valley. The intent of this paper is to describe systematically all of the medieval churches and fortresses that were photographed and measured during those seasons... My investigation of this region was limited to a small extent due to the restrictions which were imposed by the Turkish military. The two sites which I could not visit, Kamhis and Sagoman, are near the northeast corner of the valley. I believe that my survey of the rest of the valley is extensive enough to deal with the region as a geographical unit. The sites in this report are catalogued by their modern Turkish names. When the original Georgian and Armenian designations are known, they are cited in parentheses and followed by a brief history. All of the sites are arranged in geographical sequence from south to north. Since no excavations were undertaken, the descriptions and plans are based on surface remains."

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